An Analysis Of The Financial Annual Report Of Victrex Plc Accounting Essay

1.0 IntroductionThis paper includes two developments. The main region includes an investigation of the monetary one-year investigation of Victrex Plc in 2010, and examination of the open introduction of the worry in 2010 in contrasting with the old twelvemonth 2009. The examination will be completed by reevaluating the monetary data gave in the organization ‘s one-year study dispensed for this paper. The kind of data remembered for said one-year study are the Chairman ‘s explanation, the Chief Executive Officer ‘s reappraisal, Financial Director ‘s study, the Director ‘s study and A ; the monetary proclamations, for example, pay articulation, accounting report and hard money stream articulation. A review of the worry open introduction in the course of the last five mature ages will other than be talked about. The important proportions will be figured so as to break down the open introduction of the worry and proposal choices and tax benefits where proper . Other important data, for example, corporate organization and bookkeeping strategies will be thought of and examined. The second development of this paper will investigate the importance of working capital bearing in a worry and talking how the creator playing the capacity of money related official affected on working capital.Furthermore, strategies, for example, fringy costing and planning and their advantages in the dynamic method will be contrasted with the existent universe condition of affairs.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEWVictrex Plc is a taking planetary producer of high open introduction thermoplastics polymers which started using the VICTREXAÂ ®PEEK in Western Europe and United States to go to the requests in the car and travel division. As concern got planetary, Victrex ventured into high turning markets, for example, Japan, China, India, Russia, and Brazil. The organization has over 30years involvement with the creation of polyketone. Inside this clasp of activity, Victrex Plc has a creation, building, customer administration and dispersion crew that ranges more than 30 states around the world. Vi ctrex Plc partitions are recorded in the London Stock Exchange. Victrex Plc contains two divisions viz. the Victrex Polymer Solution and the Invibio Biomaterial Solutions. Victrex Polymer Solution centers around the transport, modern and the electronic markets. This division works in the turn of events and industry of high open introduction polyaryletherketones, for example, VICTREXAÂ ®PEEKa„? polymer, VICOTEAÂ ® coatings and APTIVa„? motion pictures. On the different manus, Invibio Biomaterial Solutions centers around providing pro answers for clinical gadget producers. This division gives course to very specific biocompatible PEEK-based stuffs and administrations for clinical gadget creators. Their exchange names are PEEK-OPTIMA, MOTIS, PEEK-CLASSIX and ENDOLIGN. VICTREXAÂ ®PEEK Polymer is behind the greater part of today ‘s development in business sectors runing from car, vitality, gadgets, aviation, semi music chiefs, clinical, supplement handling and fabrics.1.2 FIVE Year FINANCIAL SUMMARY REVIEWThe one-year study 2010 of Victrex Plc has some data in the course of the last five mature ages of the open introduction of the Organization. Data in the one-year concentrate high spots outcomes on gross, overall gain before income upgrade, asset reports, hard cash stream proportions and deal volume. In any case, this investigation shows that the gross of the organization for as long as five mature ages expanded by 6.9 % between 2006 ( ? 122.5m ) and 2007 ( ? 131.0m ) . This becoming was because of an expansion in net incomes of their mechanical market which went up 16 % over the old twelvemonth because of increment sought after for oil and gas and compound preparing customers. The transport advertise other than expanded by 6 % as a result of expanded business aviation net incomes. Locally, United States was up 9 % because of developing in the car, business aviation and oil and gas segments, however was somewhat counterbalanced by a decline in semiconducting material gross incomes. Asia Pacific gross incomes were up 13 % as a developing furthermore net incomes of movement and hardware ( Victrex, 2010 ) . In the mature ages 2007 and 2008, the organization encountered an expansion of 7.7 % from ?131.0m in 2007 to ?141.1m in 2008. This developing was as an outcome of expansion in net incomes in Japan and the United States. Other than expansion in the business aviation net incomes in United States and Europe prompted the developing in net ( Victrex, 2010 ) . In Year 2008 and Year 2009, Based on the effect of customers destocking, there was a decreasing of ( 26.4 ) % in net from ?141.1m in 2008 to ?103.8 in 2009. This reduction was as a result of lessening of gross incomes volume dependent on the financial downswing. Transport net incomes diminished by 41 % in 2009 because of significant decrease in car net incomes over all parts. Mechanical deal volume other than diminished by 35 % in 2009 as a result of decreased oil and gas request, this other than got flexible dependent on the financial downswing ( Victrex, 2010 ) . At long last, the investigation shows that the best expansion in net inside the five twelvemonth time frame was somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2010 as gross expansion was 82.6 % from ?103.8 in 2009 to ?189.5 in 2010. This was as an outcome of expansion in net incomes volume from 1547 metric tons to 2535 metric tons. The advantage of improved certain in return rates as the real debilitated against their monetary forms during the twelvemonth other than had a positive effect. Expanded gross incomes in hardware were up by 96 % more than 2009 which reflected solid gross incomes into the customer gadgets and semi music executive creation division. Appeal of stocks brought about an expansion of gross incomes in the geological and mechanical market which took into account high stock rundown degrees and manufacture rates. The expansion in net incomes was as a result of restocking inclinations. Different markets, for example, transport net incomes volume expanded by 59 % more than 2009, In dustrial gross incomes expanded by 53 % more than 2009. Aviation demonstrated solid becoming because of a blend of higher creation degrees and new airplanes orders driven by positive propensities and forecast for both concern and touristry travel, and new application improvement for the stocks to help run into requests ( Victrex, 2010 ) . From the one-year study given for the working overall gain ( Net salary before association and income upgrade ) , it tends to be seen that in twelvemonth 2006 it was ?46.1m and expanded in twelvemonth 2007 to ?52.0m, adding up to an option of ?5.9m. Other than in mature ages 2007 and twelvemonth 2008, there was an expansion of ?3.0m with working overall gain in 2007 as ?52.0m and in 2008 as ?55.0m. Be that as it may, there was a decreasing of ( ?29.9m ) in twelvemonth 2008 and 2009, with working overall gain of in 2008 as ?55.0m and in 2009 as ?25.1m. In twelvemonth 2010, the organization made the best expansion of ?49.8m in working overall gain between twelvemonth 2009 as ?25.1m and twelvemonth 2010 as ?74.9m ( Victrex, 2010 ) . These figures are delineated in the outline belowFigure 1: Victrex Plc ‘s Five Year Gross and Net salary before Interest and TaxFrom the diagram, it tends to be concluded that the organization had an expansion in gross and total compensation before inc lusion and income upgrade from Year 2006-2008, a reduction in Year 2009 and a significant expansion in Year 2010.2.0 VICTREX ANNUAL REPORT ANALYSISIn estimating the monetary situation of Victrex Plc, it is required to see its Amalgamate Income Statement, Consolidated Balance sheet and Cash Flow Statement. The Ratio Analysis is found using four wide nations, for example, Profitability Ratios, Efficiency Ratios, Liquidity Ratios and Investment Ratios ( White et al. , 2003 ) . For the aim of this paper, the figures utilized are from the 2010 Annual Report and are determined in ?million ( m ) .2.1 INTERPRETATION OF ACCOUNTSRatios are indexs to an entrance on nations that should be analyzed in progressively inside informations by contrasting the old twelvemonth ( 2009 ) to the undermentioned twelvemonth ( 2010 ) of Victrex Plc ( Perry, 2011 ) . Consequently, the proportions are interconnected and used to pull choices from the investigation by estimating an organization ‘s open intr oduction. To this terminal, Victrex Plc will be broke down using the four wide nations of proportion analysis.2.1.1 GrossThe organization ‘s pay explanation shows that gross was up by 82 % to ?189.5m in 2010 from ?103.8m in 2009. This expansion was as a result of expansion in net incomes volume by 64 % because of a solid force popular over all business sectors in Europe, Middle East and Africa ( ‘EMEA ‘ ) , America, Asia Pacific and United Kingdom. Other than there was devaluation in real as this brought about the expansion of gross of different markets, which empowered the organization profit by the conversion scale determined capacity. The one-year study shows that the immutable conversion scale of the gross was up 47 % contrasted with 2009 ( Victrex, 2010 ) .2.1.2 PROFITABILITY RATIOProfitability proportions are utilized to discover how gainfully the worry is runing. In this manner Net salary is a stage of a worry achievement ; accordingly these proportions are viewed by both inward clients and outer clients, for example, heading and investors ( Jones, 2006 ) . Benefit proportions includes Return on Capital Employed, Return on Total Assets, Return on Shareholders Fund, Gross net gain Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio and Mark-up Ratio ( Perry, 2011 ) .2.1.2.1 RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYEDThis proportion thinks about how viably an organization utilizes its capital utilized ( Jones, 2006 ) .According to Perry ( 2011 ) , Return on Capital Employed is characterized as: ROCE= Net salary before Interest and amp ; Tax ( Operating Profit ) x 100 Whole Assets-Current Liabilities ( Capital Employed ) In 2010, it was 74.9m Ten 100 = 74.9m A-100 = 31.67 % 279.0m �

Multicultural backgrounds Essay Example for Free

Multicultural foundations Essay Both of these artists John Agard and Sujata Bhatt compose sonnets about their multicultural foundations. In John Agards sonnet half-position he begins with Standard English. Yet, as he goes on all through the sonnet he utilizes Caribbean tongue. His sonnet is about his sentiments towards being multicultural. He feels furious, miserable and is scrutinizing his crowd. In Sujata Bhatts sonnet look for my tongue she has numerous emotions about her native language and how she doesnt need to lose her first language. She is feeling tragic in light of the fact that she thinks she is loosing her primary language yet it returns her fantasy and she feels glad once more. John Agard was conceived in Guyana yet moved to England in 1977 so he has lived in England for a long time. John Agard finds the term half-rank annoying and needs individuals to know how he feels about being blended dashed. Sujata Bhatt resembles John Agard on the grounds that she was conceived in India yet moved when she was youthful. Sujata Bhatt moved to the United States. This is the place she took in her English. She wedded an individual from Germany, where she later at that point moved to. She composed this sonnet look for my tongue since she feared loosing her first language Gujarati. Down the middle rank John Agard shows a great deal of feelings. He is irate in his sonnet he says ah rass this is a term of discust. John Agard is being amusing when he says I offer you a large portion of a hand you would anticipate that him should offer you an entire hand. How might you offer a large portion of a hand? John Agard is likewise attempting to be humors, when he alludes to things as half. Like the English climate yu mean when light on shadow blend in de sky is a half-case climate John Agard is attempting to put over that the English sky is never one shading its a blend of hues like blue, white, dim. This connections in with his diverse foundation since they are various hues simply as is he. Sujata Bhatt additionally utilizes a great deal of feelings in her sonnet. Sujata Bhatt feels pitiful when she says If you had two tongues in your mouth, and lost the first, the primary language she has a feeling that she didnt become acquainted with her native language and feels dismal that she dont know her first language. Sujata Bhatt believes that her primary language would not return to her in the initial segment of the sonnet. So the initial two refrains of her sonnet are about her trouble. Anyway when she understands her first language is back she feels glad it becomes back, a step of a shoot she is feeling satisfied that she can recall Gujarati once more. Sujata Bhatt felt that she had lost her primary language perpetually however when she understood that it returned she was diminished that she despite everything knows Gujarati. Nobody would need to there native language. The tone in John Agards sonnet half-rank is said in an irate tone. John Agard is cautioning those individuals who call him half-position, as John Agard finds the word half-station hostile. John Agard says account for yuself wha yu mean maybe somebody as called John Agard half-standing and he needs to know the motivation behind why they have called him half-position. John Agard is feeling that being half-rank doesnt mean he ought to be called something else. All through the sonnet John Agards tone changes. He begins being puzzled. He has given the crowd reasons in which being half-standing is such a lovely thing. Like Picassos canvases when yu state half-rank yu mean Picasso Picassos works of art are brilliant and splendid. In Sujata Bhatts sonnet look for my tongue her tone is pitiful. As he might suspect her primary language has gone. Through an extensive stretch of time her tone is trouble. Anyway after the Gujarati Sujata Bhatts tone changes. Her tone gets more joyful as her first language returns to life the bud opens, the bud opens in my mouth her tone turns into a more joyful. This style of tone continues. Sujata Bhatts tone changes simply like John Agards tone. The two of them start off in a tragic manner however as the sonnet advances the tone changes to an increasingly more joyful tone.

Daymond Johns Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Essay

Daymond John's Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Essay Daymond John's Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Type of Business and Competitive Advantage â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Daymond John’ s Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Type of Business and Competitive Advantage”   is an intriguing variant of an essay on biographies. Daymond Garfield John is an American entrepreneur and TV personality who is famous for founding a clothing line referred to as FUBU. In addition to founding it, he serves as the president and CEO of the company. He has been described as one of the modern-day entrepreneurs who live the precepts of the American Dream by rising from poverty to great wealth. Before the success of his company, John had tried other business ventures that did not do well. Today, he is famous for his role in the TV program Shark Tank in which serial entrepreneurs listen to business pitches from entrepreneurs who are seeking funding. He is also a motivational speaker, investor, and author. History, development, and growthJohn was born in the Queens neighborhood of Hollis, New York in 1969 (John 12). Like many other African American entrepreneurs, he was raised by a single parent (mother) and his grandfather. His first business was created at the age of 6. He sold painted pencils to boys so that they would give them to their girlfriends. He attended Bayside High School where he acquired his entrepreneurial spirit by enrolling in a program that gave him the freedom to attend school and study simultaneously (John 15). John credits this program for setting the stage for his introduction to entrepreneurship. After graduating, he founded a commuter van service that did not satisfy his drive to create a great business. He ferried passengers around his neighborhood and was able to make the business profitable by lowering bus fares and carried passengers to destination points of their choice. It is this same van that John used to start the business that put him on the global b usiness scene as a serial entrepreneur (John 16). Driven by the urge to venture into entrepreneurship, John decided to forego college and pursue his passion. As a result, he worked several odd jobs to make ends meet. He worked as a waiter and a messenger. In 1989, he created a line of handmade hats and named the company For Us By Us (FUBU) (John 25). He was motivated by the fact that many companies during that era, refrained from making clothes for African-Americans. His objective was to make clothes that would be identified with Africa-Americans. John also realized that the wool hats and tops available in markets were highly-priced and many people could not afford them (Romero 115). Following that discovery, he made 90 hats that they sold for $10 each. On the first day of doing business, John made $800 (John 26). The first day sales gave John more drive as he saw potential in the hats. In order to expand and increase production, he convinced his mum to mortgage their house in ord er to generate capital for his new business (Romero 115). He recruited his friends and incorporated them into the company. John did not have enough money. Therefore, he worked a full-time job to earn money to pay his bills. He used the breaks between shifts to work on his business. His big break came when he convinced a hip artist and friend LL Cool J to wear one of his hats in a commercial and his music videos (John 29). The popularity of hip-hop music in the 1990s played a key role in promoting the growth of FUBU. The growing popularity of FUBU hats prompted John to expand his business to include shirts and other apparel. After expanding, he became more famous and received more orders than he could not deliver. Therefore, he entered into a distribution deal with Samsung (John 38). He opened an office in the Empire State Building in 1997 in order to cater to the increasing needs of companies and individuals that needed his products. John together with his friends (Keith Pernin, J . Alexander Martin, and Brown) started with a small vision and plan that involved creating clothes for the inner city market that they believed had been neglected by famous clothing brands. However, they had relentless drive and ambition, passion, persistence to grow the business despite lacking adequate capital. His strong work ethic and passion led him to create a multi-million dollar business empire from humble beginnings.

The Evolution Of American Democracy Essay - 1406 Words

The Evolution of the American Democracy United States can be seen as the first liberal democracy. The United States Constitution, adopted in 1788, provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties. On the American frontier, democracy became a way of life, with widespread social, economic and political equality. The system gradually evolved, from Jeffersonian Democracy or the First Party System to Jacksonian Democracy or the Second Party System and later to the Third Party System. In Reconstruction after the Civil War (late 1860s) the newly freed slaves became citizens, and they were given the vote as well. (Web, 1) After 1815 Americans transformed the republic of the Founding Fathers into a democracy.†¦show more content†¦Petitioning, parading, and mobbing (each of which included Americans who were not white males) had all been crucial to the American Revolutionary movement, and they had continued to play important roles in Jeffersonian America. By the 1830s and 1840s, spontaneous parades and mob actions played smaller roles in political life, and more-respectable citizens viewed such activities as disorderly and criminal. Popular participation in politics was more and more limited to voting. Furthermore, voting was organized not by the voice of the citizenry, but by a national twoÂâ€"party system staffed by disciplined professionals. These professionals included candidates, appointed office holders, newspaper editors, and local leaders who organized voters, wrote party platforms, and developed party ideologies in ways that only partially and indirectly reflected popular wishes. Thus political participation was democratized by the 1830s. But democracy included only white men, and even they were transformed from citizens to spectators. Neither the Jeffersonians nor their Federalist opponents admitted to being a political party. To them the term party meant the same as faction. 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A Study Of A Patient Who Experienced Chest Pain Essay

Introduction A systematized and precise assessment is a vital tool for a clinician to identify not only patients who are in unpredictable life threatening situations but also to recognize the initial signs of patient’s deterioration. (Tough, 2004) In order to accomplish a systematic and detailed assessment, a sound clinical judgment and strong clinical decision should be made (Croskerry, 2009) This will aid in formulating a pertinent diagnosis, which is the key in devising a safe and effective treatment plan for the patient. (Croskerry, 2009) This essay is a case study of a patient who experienced chest pain. The goal of this paper is to draw up a clinical diagnosis that would be based on a complete medical history, a systematic physical assessment, and the utilization of three significant diagnostic tests to rule out other diagnoses. Presenting Complaint / General Appearance Mr. Z is a 64-year-old Pacific islander male. 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Negative belief and psychological pressure from spirited moments; create many interruptions for athletes who do not focus mental pictures in their minds. A bright picture is one that allows individuals to see stressRead MoreBiopsych osocial Model Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will focus on a patient diagnosed with Deliruim.it will adopt the biopsychosocial model to explore how the diagnosis affects the patient’s quality of life. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout this essay to adhere to the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC,2015) code of conduct, which states in section 5 that nurses or midwives owe a duty of confidentiality for all those receiving care. Therefore, patient chosen will not be known by real name but will be given a pseudonym throughout

The Pitfall of Free Samples of Essay Start off in the Beginning of the Essay

The Pitfall of Free Samples of Essay Start off in the Beginning of the Essay If you would like to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you ought to remember is that its principal aim is to convince the audience to accept your perspective. Brainstorming before starting your essay will enable you to uncover the very best supporting ideas rather than simply regurgitating the very first thing that pops into your head and will permit you to make clear and well thought out arguments. After choosing the topic, prepare the outline of whatever you need to write. The range of paragraphs equals the amount of arguments. Finally, the school isn't a fashion show. Students have to spare some opportunity to perform some planning and organization if they are supposed to compose excellent essays. In that circumstance it is known as a college admission essay. You will receive well-written but cheap essays to increase your grades. Do not be concerned, EssayPro is here in order to teach our students everything they will need to learn about crafting an informative essay! Deep within every individual, someplace past the rational and civilised methods of adult male, there's a pure start of immorality. In the start, the experience wasn't positive because I was missing my family members and friends back at home in India. The Free Samples of Essay Start off in the Beginning of the Essay Game Bear in mind, never begin with a joke if you're analyzing a paper on mental ability. The last point to observe is the best way to compose a conclusion for an expository essay. You might get scared in the start but it becomes exciting once you've got a strong command over it. Your essay may have a happy or sad ending, based on your story. A catchy essay introduction will pull in the reader and capture his attention for the remaining part of the piece. You should remain creative in deciding upon the words for your essay, so attempt to steer clear of cliches throughout the paper. Any great task finishes with a wonderful conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Getting the Best Free Samples of Essay Start off in the Beginning of the Essay From time to time, the aim of the autobiographical essay is college admission. Lastly the essay is proof read to learn if the job is unique. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Reflective essays serve only a single purpose to reveal your capacity to logically reflect on a specific issue. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. The absolute most important to bear in mind is that the many forms of essays have various expectations for their introductions. All the reference items begin with the title of the information supply. Should you need papers on some excellent history essay topics and you truly feel overwhelmed, don't hesitate to enlist the help of a premium writer on the service. Finding out how to write a great essay can appear difficult, but it does not need to be. It is possible to also depart from your essay for a while and come back later to see whether it's still logical. In addition, your essay needs to be written in line with the universal rules of grammar and literature. Stephen's essay is quite effective. To begin with, unlikely different essays, you ought not supply a summary in your introduction. Just continue your introduction short and easy. Essay introduction is your roadmap for the whole essay. Thus, writing an essay introduction is most likely one of the absolute most essential things in an essay as it is the very first thing that the reader goes through. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is best to examine some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. The subject of the essay is easily the most important element of a narrative essay. A quick essay doesn't need an overview of the principal ideas. Every precise detail matters if you would like to assemble an excellent narrative essay.

Bilingual Education Essay Research Paper Bilingual EducationThe free essay sample

Bilingual Education Essay, Research Paper Bilingual Education The sum of non-English-speaking minorities in the United States is continuously increasing. Be that as it may, there are people in today s society that feel that English should be the lone linguistic communication spoken. It is for that ground bilingual instruction may be eliminated from many public schools. Low academic results from pupils besides contribute to possible abolishment of bilingual instruction. If schools don t obtain better methods to ease the passage from one linguistic communication to another, bilingual instruction will be faulty and seen as useless. In bend, many pupils will be denied the opportunity for an equal instruction. American pupils have learned the linguistic communication easy because it has been incorporated into mundane events from an highly early age. An stripling has had at least 5 old ages to larn English vocabulary, and continues larning through high school. Many bilingual plans have pupils on slower acquisition paths where they barley learn English and from which they may neer emerge. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education Essay Research Paper Bilingual EducationThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, society wants bilingual pupils to larn English and larn it rapidly. By extinguishing bilingual instruction, society is stating the pupil to larn English, but non giving him a topographic point to larn it. The pupil is non given an equal opportunity, which consequences in bilingual individuals holding hapless reading, composing and talking accomplishments. Bilingual pupils can maintain up academically with their English-speaking equals if they are taught at least partially in their native linguistic communications while larning English. There are many ways that bilingual instruction can be improved. By engaging bilingual instructors that communicate clearly when giving waies and accurately depicting undertakings will assist ease the passage from a N ative linguistic communication to English. If new information was introduced by utilizing schemes such as thoroughly explicating, sketching, and demonstrating, comprehension of instructional undertakings may be maintained. Promoting pupil engagement, pass oning outlooks of students’ , and explicating success in finishing instructional undertakings would give pupils motivation so they feel at easiness. A new linguistic communication is hard ; nearing bilingual pupils with methods such as these could better their acquisition. An effectual manner to hold positive pupil result is to value and regard pupils # 8217 ; linguistic communications and civilizations. This value and regard demands to travel farther than the nutrient and vacation jubilations that may be the lone acknowledgment of civilizations in many schools. Teachers should affect themselves by larning about pupils # 8217 ; experiences in native states and communities in the United States, while promoting and back uping the development of the English linguistic communication. These actions and attitudes show a pupil she is valued and respected ; this, in bend, supports a more comfy ambiance for her. Furthermore, it builds self-esteem and improves academic accomplishment by integrating the pupils # 8217 ; civilizations into schoolroom direction. Constructing lessons from things in pupils # 8217 ; experience and backgrounds promote more active battle and increased acquisition. The will ever be a demand for bilingual instruction. There are many ways in which schools, instructors, parents every bit good as the pupil herself can better. Answers to all of the inquiries posed by bilingual pedagogues may non be available, but thoughts about characteristics of effectual bilingual schooling are available. Peoples involved in schooling demand to work together to put realistic ends and schemes to advance success of bilingual instruction.

Hedonism And The Great Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby,

Hedonism And The Great Gatsby Hedonism and The Great Gatsby Hedonism means to live only for pleasure. It means not thinking about the consequences of your actions as long as make you happy. Its a total abandon of all responsibilities. This type of lifestyle often has negative results. I mean, look at the hippies, and how their hedonistic society turned out. They are all either in rehab centers or have kids running around with names like Moonbeam and Starchild. But enough hippie bashing - lets look at how the Hedonistic way of life is integrated into The Great Gatsby. Lets take the parties for example. Gatsby has a party just about every week, no matter what. He has tons of people come over, and they party all night. Gatsby has tons of booze at his parties, and no one thinks of consuming anything but alcohol. Everybody is getting drunk everywhere. And Gatsby gives no thought to cost- at one party he has an entire orchestra playing for his guests. People come to the party who arent invited, yet Gatsby makes no effort to get rid of them (he lets them stay, maybe hoping that theyll help to let everyone at the party have a better time.) Another example of hedonism is the house that Gatsby lives in. He lives there alone, yet its a huge mansion! He has maids and a butler, but HE LIVES THERE ALONE! True, he moved there to be close to Daisy, but wouldnt that be considered an act of hedonism in itself? Moving to a MANSION to get the pleasure of being close to Daisy. I would consider that pretty hedonistic. Gatsby has a huge library for the visual effect it gives, yet no one in an entire lifetime could read all of those books. He also has music rooms in his house. I never read anything at all in this book to suggest that Gatsby was musically inclined. Also, Gatsbys wardrobe has to be the biggest that I have ever heard of. The pile of clothes is described as being a heap. That, to me, means a lot of shirts. At one point in the novel, Nick says that he was about to ask to see the rubies. Now, I dont know if he was serious or not, but , just for the sake of argument, lets say he was being serious. Why, exactly, does Gatsby have rubies in his house? Gatsby has two motorboats. Why does one person need two motorboats? He also has a hydroplane, which he apparently flies just for the pleasure that it brings him. The hydroplane could only be used for pleasure. If he needs to go to the grocery store, for example, Im pretty sure that hes not going to fly his plane over and land in the handy water strip conveniently located right outside! Also, the extravagant use of money by all of the upper class people in this book strikes me as being unnecessary. Daisy buys a dog for no reason other than that she thinks its cute. She doesnt think of what shell do with it when she gets home, just that she wanted it when she saw it, so she bought it. Gatsbys car is another example of unneeded money being spent on a luxury- in this case a Rolls Royce. Sure- its a nice car, but does he really need it? In the end, Gatsbys lifestyle left him with next to nothing. When he died, only his father, Nick, some servants, the postman, and the man with the owl-eyed glasses came to his funeral. It goes to show you that living only for pleasure is not the best kind of life to lead. English Essays

How A Black Box Works essays

How A Black Box Works essays Have you ever wondered what a black box is. If so, you might have some questions about an actual color of it and how it is involved with every aircraft. A black box is known as a flight recorder which can record both flight data and captain voice. Even though it is called a black box, it is painted orange. This recording device costs the same as a compact car does, which is about $ 15,000. Because of high quality and endurance materials, it still survives when getting the impact, crashing or even fired after the accident (see Picture 1). When an airplane is collapsed, there are several unanswered clues what bring the plane crush. The only incredible device that can tell us is the black box. The process of how a black box works consists of four main steps; exploring the device, setting the device, operating on the flight, and finding the information after crushing. (see Figure 1: The Process of How A Black Box Works Exploring a black box is the first step of the process. To explore a black box we first have to see what are the main parts of a black box. A black box is composed of two parts. The first part is cockpit voice recorder and the second one is flight data recorder (see Picture 2). Most of two parts are made of a magnetic tape and solid-state memory boards. the magnetic tape is less reliable then solid-state recorder because solid-state used a whole chunk of chips, so there is no moving part along the recorder device. This brings about less maintenance and less chance of something cracking during any accidents. Solid-state recorder can also record more data than magnetic tape because of the flat shape which allows the data flow faster and can store up to 25 hours of flight data A black box also has the microphones which are designed to record captain voice in the cockpit, located in four different places; pilots headset, copilots headset, third pilots headset a ...

Jewish Migration to the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jewish Migration to the United States - Essay Example These migrations took place between 1919 and 1924. The Jews from Russia, on the other hand, began their westward foray earlier in 1880 and continued to trickle in towards 1913. This was the time when the Jews from the other Eastern European states began to journey towards the American shores. The Jews from Eastern Europe were close to 20 million, while those from Russia were about 2 million. Most of the Jews came to America through the Ellis Island, only to lay claim over the vast multi cultural terrains of large and crowded cities like New York and the Midwest. (Universiteit Leiden). There are a variety of reasons that have supported the Jewish immigration to America. Primary among these are reasons like political freedom as well as religious reasons. The Jews in general, have been an oppressed lot. Their religious duties bound them to a certain way of life which was soon stifling the slowly modern sensibilities that began to emerge just prior to the first world in communities the world over. There was a sudden surge of new found consciousness which the Jews felt too scared to acknowledge in their present locations. (Parrillo, 2002) The land called America presented them with opportunities galore. ... The land that belonged to the peasants was snatched away from them while children were forced to decide which profession to enter into by the age of 16 in order to ensure that they were not thrown into the torturous Russian army. The Russian army was fast becoming a target of negative publicity with its increasing number of suicide cases. (Universiteit Leiden). Further, in a free land like America, the Jews from Russia as well as Eastern Europe found that they had little need or pressure to affiliate themselves and their entire lifestyles with a certain political way of thinking or political party. This was a refreshing change and helped the Jews breathe in peace. Many Jews came to America temporarily at first, as political refugees, in order to join the labor force and earn a decent living before returning to their homeland in the hope that it will be free by the time they are done with their American tenure. This was the reason why many Jews did not enter into land ownership at the very onset like most of the other migrants like the Irish and Chinese. (Parrillo, 2002) These reasons were vastly different from the Irish, Chinese and Japanese migration experiences. The Irish entered America as a result of the famines that were constantly leaving them in a state of hunger and acute poverty, during 1840 to 1890. The Chinese on the other hand, migrated to America as a result of the Gold Rush in California. These migrations took place during the 1800s and were marked by an air of success and wealth. The Chinese migrants were essentially skilled craftsmen as well as merchants which eventually garnered a lot of discrimination against them. The Japanese, on the other hand, migrated to America in great numbers between 1886 and 1911, in order to make the most of the

HR management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HR management - Essay Example The human resource function is centralized but adequate scope for accommodating local needs and environmental pressures is present. Recruitment and selection is based on local market needs and product offerings in accordance with the policies of the Delegates. Training, development, reward and performance appraisal, and employee engagement initiatives at branches are also designed locally but in accordance with the broad policy shaped by the Delegates. The Press should grant greater autonomy to branches so that the HR function can be more responsive to urgent international pressures. Campbell, C. (2013). Nelson Thornes could make up to 50 redundancies before Christmas. [Online]. Available at: http://www.gloucestershireecho.co.uk/Nelson-Thornes-make-50-redundancies-Christmas/story-20320403-detail/story.html. Retrieved on 2 August 2014. 14 The Guardian. (2012). Oxford University Press fined  £1.9m over bribery by African subsidiary firms. [Online]. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jul/03/oxford-university-press-fined-bribery. Retrieved on 2 August 2014. 15 The multinational organisation selected for this analysis is the Oxford University Press. The OUP is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the world and has been publishing scholarly works since 1478 (OUP, 2014). The international growth and expansion of the press began with the establishment of the first international office in New York in 1896 and in Canada in 1904. The OUP serves a global market serving 100 countries with offices in 50 countries of the world. In response to globalization, the Press is following a product development strategy where technology-enabled educational materials are being developed for culturally and linguistically diverse markets around the world. The most recent version of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary was

Effect of Parasite Diversity and Age on Antibody Responses

Effect of Parasite Diversity and Age on Antibody Responses This study was aimed at investigating the effect of parasite diversity and age on the levels of antibody responses to P. falciparum in individuals living in an area of seasonal malaria transmission. Two blood stage antigens (MSP1(19), AMA1) and two liver stage antigens (CSP and celTOS), making a total of four antigens were selected to be used for the study. These antigens were tested in archived plasma samples with ages ranging from 1year to 70 years. The samples were collected close to the end of the rainy season in the months of November and December (wet season), and April the following year at the end of the dry season (dry season). Of the samples collected in the wet season, 34.1% had parasites whiles those collected in the dry season was 15.5% (table 1). Appawu (2004) reported the seasonality of malaria transmission in a neighbouring district (Kasena Nankana District), being high in the wet season and low in the dry season. The high transmission in the wet season could be due to favourable breeding grounds for mosquitoes as a result of several collections of water when it rains and in turn increase the number of vectors and hence the high number of parasites individuals are exposed to (Ahmed, 1989). This data is in agreement with an earlier finding in northern Ghana by Apawu and his group where they found high parasite carriage, and high multiplicity of infection (MOI) in the wet season compared to low carriage and MOI in the dry season. Parasite carriage here means the proportion of participants with P. falciparum at enrolment. There was however no statistically significant difference in the parasite densitie s when compared between the seasons (p=0529) table 1. There was no difference in the overall ages between the wet and the dry season. (p=0.937). This was expected as most of the samples collected were from the same individuals in the two seasons. To explore age related pattern of P. falciparum infection, participants were categorized into three (3) age groups: under 5 years, between 5 and 15 years, and over 15 years. The data shows the 5-15 year olds having higher infected proportion in the two seasons (table 2). Parasitaemia was also determined using a more sensitive method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR data confirmed the microscopy data because the 6-15 year group also had higher proportion of individuals carrying parasites at enrolment. This could be due to the fact that they are the more exposed group with incompletely developed immune systems. In contrast, under-fives who are much younger are likely to receive better care from parents thus preventing them from being infected with the parasites. Bed net usage could be one way of protecting the children. Also because of their younger ages they may not be allowed roam around freely. Adults on the other hand despite having possible similar exposure as 5-15 ye ar olds, seem to have less parasites because of their developed anti-malarial immunity. This partial immunity is gained with age and repeated exposure thus making the younger individuals more susceptible to infection (Pratt-Riccio et al., 2005; Dodoo et al., 2008). Thus the over 15 year group who are older, had the least proportion of infection (table 2). The study also sought to determine the relationship between IgG levels and age. Figures fig 7 and 8 shows the correlation plots between age and IgG levels in the wet and dry season respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between and IgG levels raised against AMA1-FVO, MSP1, CSP and CelTOS in the wet season. And for the dry season, the significant correlation was between age and IgG levels to AMA1-FVO, MSP1, CSP, and Celtos. The correlation coefficient (r2) and the p values are indicated on each plot. There was however no correlation between age and AMA1-3D7 (r2 0.0142, p 0.0699) for the wet season, and AMA1-FVO (r2=0.0114, p= 0.0594) for the dry season. The significant correlations were however very weak. This indicates that though IgG levels increased with age, the association between the antibody levels and age was not so strong and that the influence of age on the amount of antibodies produce against most of the antigens in the population studied was not that mu ch. However the age dependent increase in IgG response to the antigens tested may be due to the mature immune system in adults, and could also be due to cumulative exposure to infection over time (Nebie 2008). It is however not known what might be the reason for the lack of correlation with age to AMA1-3D7, and AMA1-FVO, in the wet and dry season respectively. IgG responses to the two AMA1 alleles (3D7, and FVO) was plotted against each other to determine which is more predominant in the study population. There was a strong correlation between the antibody levels of AMA1 alleles of 3D7 and FVO (r2=0.8382, p) implying that both strains are circulating in the study site during the wet season. A similar trend was observed in the dry season but with a lower correlation coefficient compared to the wet season (r2= 0.5302, p). Antibody titres against recombinant antigens have often been linked to protection from clinical disease (Polley 2004, Nebie 2008, Dodoo 2008, Dodoo 1999, Cavanagh 2004). Where high anti-malaria antibodies is interpreted to mean protection from clinical disease. The important role of antibodies was demonstrated by the passive transfer of purified IgG from immune donors to individuals with P. falciparum infection, which reduced parasitaemia (Cohen 1961, sabchareon 1991). Apical membrane antigen-1 AMA1 and MSP119 have been associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria (Branch 1998, Osier et al 2008). Anti-CSP antibodies have also been found to be partially protective where in Kenya high anti-CSP, anti-LSA, and anti-TRAP ( pre-erythrocytic ) antibodies were demonstrated to be associated with relative protection from reinfection (John CC 2005, 2008). The most advance malaria vaccine, RTS’S which is a subunit of CSP, has been found to protect to about 35-55% in children 5-17 mont hs for about 8 months (Alonso 2004,) . Also anti-CelTOS antibodies have been shown to inhibit invasion of herpatocytes by sporozoites in mice (Bergmann-Leitner 2010). In this study, antibody responses to the antigens, AMA1-3D7, AMA1-FVO, MSP119, CSP, and CelTOS were determined using indirect ELISA. The optical densities (OD) of the antigens were converted to arbitrary units (AU) where the highest OD for each antigen was awarded an arbitrary unit of 4, to allow for comparison between antigens the antigens tested. Antibodies to AMA1 in individuals living in malaria endemic regions have been reported to be high, (Thomas,1994, chelimo, 2005), and this study thus reports high antibodies to AMA1-3D7, and AMA1-FVO compared to MSP1(19), CSP, with anti-CelTOS antibodies being the least. (Fig: 3) in both wet and dry seasons. The data also shows total IgG responses in the wet season was higher than the in the dry season for all the antigens (p) except MSP119 where no statistical differences wa s found between the two seasons (p=0.85) (Figure 3). The seasonal changes in antibody response could be as a result of higher number of vector (mosquitoes) in the community in the wet season which could in turn increase the exposure of the population to parasites and also introduce new parasite clones/strains in the population and hence the high anti-malaria antibodies found in the wet season. In contrast, the dry season cause a reduction in the number of breeding sites for the vectors reducing their population resulting in minimal exposure and hence the low antibody levels. In malaria endemic regions, the number of different clones of Plasmodium falciparum parasites infecting a person could be a transmission indicator, an indicator of the hosts immune status, and a useful parameter in evaluating malaria control interventions (Babiker 1999, Arnot 1998, mayengue 2009). It has also been reported that parasite diversity in high malaria transmission areas are high and that individuals could carry multiple genotypes (clones) but the opposite pertains in low endemic areas with most infections being monoclonal (Peyerl-Hoffmann 2001, Bakiker 1997, Haddad 1999). Genotyping was done using block 3 region of the MSP 2 gene (Smythe et al. 1990) because of its high polymorphic nature (Felger et al.,1994 1999; Robert et al., 1996). Also MSP2 was selected to be used for this study because of the high allelic diversity observed in Ghana and other countries bordering Ghana with as many as 154 alleles in Ghana and about 50 genotypes in CÃ ´te d’Ivoire. ( Silue 2006 , falk 2006). The results from the two seasons using the 3D7 allelic family primers showed high mean multiplicity of infection in the wet season compared to the dry season (1.76, and 1.46, p=0.001) table 3. In both seasons, the number of infections per person ranged from 0 to 4. A similar degree of multiple infections has been reported in other African settings (Ntoumi et al., 1995,Beck 1997, Engelbrecht 1999). The samples used for this study was collected in asymptomatic individuals and the high multiplicity of infection found in the wet season could probably be due to high rate of exposure as a result of favourable breeding conditions compared to the dry season. This study did not find any significant correlation between MOI and age in both seasons (p=0.5768 for wet season, and p=0.4158 for the dry season). The samples were then grouped into two based on whether positive or negative using PCR to detect Plasmodium parasites. No differences were detected in the IgG levels between th e antigens tested in both seasons when compared based on the PCR data. This result is similar to that found when microscopy was used except that anti-CelTOS IgG in the parasitaemic group was higher than the non-parasitaemic group when microscopy was used. The disparity in the CelTOS report could be due to the lower sample size analysed using PCR compared to the microscopy. Apical membrane antigen AMA1 has been found to be a promising blood stage vaccine candidate antigen but this potential has been dampen due to extensive polymorphism (Remaque 2008).

Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Essay

Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding’, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposes. (Crotty, 1998) Once a researcher has developed a research question they are seeking to answer, they must consider what methodologies and methods they will employ in the research; what theoretical perspective lies behind the methodology; and what epistemology informs this theoretical perspective. (Crotty, 1998) Before continuing it is important to explain these key terms: Epistemology is ‘the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge, which seeks to inform us how we can know the world.’ (Jary and Jary: Dictionary of Sociology, 1991) In the context of social research, epistemology is the form of proof one requires to justify a claim to knowledge about the social world. This will have a salient impact on the kind of data one can collect in order to validate their arguments concerning the social world (methodology), as well as the methods one considers in collecting valid data (methods). A researcher’s choice of methods will be conditioned by theoretical perspectives, the way one sees the social world. (Livesey) Researchers of social science use a wide variety of research methods to gain and enhance knowledge and theory. The different types of research methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, are associated with the epistemological and theoretical perspectives the researcher wishes to adopt. This choice the researcher makes determines the way in which research should be conducted. This paper will discuss, critically analyse and compare the epistemological and theoretical perspectives of two research methodologies used for social research: positivism and interpretivism. The various research methods used within the frameworks of each of these will then be discussed. Positivism There are two main types of epistemologies: positivist and anti-positivist. â€Å"Positivist research is an approach which combines a deductive approach w... ... 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love, T. (1998). Value Role in Computer-assisted Designing. Western Australia: Dept of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neuman, L.W. (2000). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sydney: Allyn and Bacon. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Orlikowski, W. J. & Baroudi, J. J. (1991). Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions. Information Systems Research, pg 1-28. 15.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pawson, R. & Tilley, N. (1997). Realistic Evaluation. London: Sage. 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarantakos, S. (1998). Social Research. Melbourne: Macmillan. 17.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sharma, B.A.V., Ravindra Prasad, D. & Satyanarayana. (1984). Research Methods in Social Sciences. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd. 18.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silverman, D. (2000). Doing Qualitative Research. London: Sage. 19.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vrasidas, C. (2001). Interpretivism and Symbolic Interactionism: â€Å"Making the Familiar Strange and Interesting Again† in Educational Technology Research. In Heinecke, W. & Willis, J. (Ed.), Research Methods in Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 20.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wainwright, S. P. (2000). For Bourdieu in Realist Social Science. London.

Limitations of New Media

New media technologies may have little impact on politics, even change politics for the worse. It has little effect on civic engagement. New media technologies increased political knowledge among citizens already interested in politics, for users who are not, public sphere online is meaningless. Social media activists are more democratic, more knowledgeable about current political events and also somewhat more understanding of anti-government sentiment. As the new media technologies provide a platform to talk without consequence and response, they have been widely sed by extreme groups to shape the citizenship and distort democracy.Such as 2011 England riots, the event was also called â€Å"BlackBerry riots† because people used mobile devices and social media such as twitter and facebook to organise. This Issue was launched majority by young people, who face the fierce competltlon and huge employment pressure. They are also the primary users of the social media network. In thi s Issue, two man , 20 year old Jordan Blackshaw and 22 year old Perry Sutcliffe- Keenan had been sentenced to 4 years In Jall for attempting to use Facebook to rganize and orchestrate† disorder.Blackshaw created a Fackbook event Smash Down Northwich Town, Sutcliffe-Keenan also set up a page encouraging rioting in Warrington. As Assistant Chief Constable Phil Thompson warned, â€Å"The sentences passed down today recognize how technology can be abused to incite criminal activity, and send a strong message to potential troublemakers about the extent to which ordionary people value safety and order in their lives and their communities. † As shown in the London riots, Twitter users send a message to millions. SoTendentious information and hate speech of the extremists can also spread quickly on the twitter, it would stimulate public dissatisfactions of government and make more people who dont know the truth fear and anger. So openness and freedom of the online platform prov ided by new media technologies reinforce the sense of citizenship and democracy but also have potential to disrupt social order and democracy. 2, Digital divide: Disadvantaged groups- (the poor, the elder, the undereducated, and thous In rural areas-continued to lag behind in their access to and use of the internet.People who lack required knowledge, skill and capital are not easily access to the Internet. Let alone use blogs or youtube. They continued to lag behind In access to the alternative public sphere. 3,For Journalists on social media such as Twitter: Issues of credlblllty. As social media has Impacted the speed of spread of Information and news. There are sometimes situations where the news can be misinterpreted and misleading. It Is only human nature to add and edit what they hear to make It sound better In their minds and this endency Is what makes the â€Å"unofficial news† unreliable.The User Generated Content usually lack of professionalism. It Is called cltlzen Journalism but when a story Is reported even in a post on Twitter or Facebook or Youtube, professionalism is key. story. But usually citizen Journalists record an event and present it to the public, very often without checking all the facts related to the event. 4,political inequality: The differenece between speaking and being heard. It is true that citizens face few formal barriers to posting their view on the twitter or youtube.This is openiness in the most trivial sense. But from the perspective of mass politics, we care most not about who posts but about get read. There are plenty of formal and informal barriers that hinder ordinary citizens' ability to reach an audience. For the enormity of the content available on social networking sites, people seem to cluster strongly around the top few information sources in a given category. Such as â€Å"trending topics† on the twitter, even through these topics recommened intent to help their users to know what is happening in t he world.Trending topics are ometimes the result of concerted efforts and manipulations by preteen and teenaged fans of certain celebrities or cultural phenomena. Public sphere provided by the new media technologies in some extent is not equal for the public to make voice. The elite domination still exists like in the mainstream media. 5, state interference, influence the watchdog function of social media, Although state interference in the political discussion on the social media is generally neglected in the Western world, it is still a major obstacle for truly open, free discussion to happen n less developed democracies.For example, the central government of China employs â€Å"professional writers† to insert the state voice in many corners of social media chat rooms in HongKong and help create a bottom-up participatory control. So falling to see actual political change to arise from their opinion expressions, normal citizens end up voicing the most extreme opinions. Sacri ficed in this process is the diversity of opinions and democracy. To conclude, Citizenship refers to the individual citizen self-awareness of his or her position in the nation.It concerns the right to know and speak for public in the democracy society. New media technologies reinforce the sense of citizenship and democratization because Rather than passively receive what the media want to inject to them, people in new media age are more active. The openness of the digital media would allow citizens to compete with Journalists for the creation and dissemination of political information. It broadens the â€Å"public sphere†, gives chances to citizens to engage in the political discussion, challenge domination and allows motivated itizens to be heard by a worldwide audience.But there are also limitations, the extensive use of new media technologies by extreme groups would incite criminal activities and distorts democracy. Disadvantaged groups continued to lag behind in their acc ess to the alternative public sphere. The new media technologies have served to level some existing political inequalities, but it has also created new ones. Government interference in the political discussion will break the Watchdog function of the new media.

Weak Electrolyte Definition and Examples

A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that does not completely dissociate in  aqueous  solution. The solution will contain both ions and molecules of the electrolyte. Weak electrolytes only partially ionize in water (usually 1% to 10%), while strong electrolytes completely ionize (100%).   Weak Electrolyte Examples HC2H3O2 (acetic acid), H2CO3 (carbonic acid), NH3 (ammonia), and H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) are all examples of weak electrolytes. Weak acids and weak bases are weak electrolytes. In contrast, strong acids, strong bases, and salts are strong electrolytes. Note a salt may have low solubility in water, yet still be a strong electrolyte because the amount that does dissolve completely ionizes in water. Acetic Acid as a Weak Electrolyte Whether or not a substance dissolves in water is not the determining factor in its strength as an electrolyte. In other words, dissociation and dissolution are not the same things. For example, acetic acid (the acid found in vinegar) is extremely soluble in water. However, most of the acetic acid remains intact as its original molecule rather than its ionized form, ethanoate (CH3COO-). An equilibrium reaction plays a big role in this. Acetic acid dissolves in water an ionizes into ethanoate and the hydronium ion, but the equilibrium position is to the left (reactants are favored). In other words, when ethanoate and hydronium form, they readily return to acetic acid and water: CH3COOH H2O ⇆ CH3COO- H3O The small amount of product (ethanoate) makes acetic acid a weak electrolyte rather than a strong electrolyte.